Vikram Samvat is one of the oldest and most widely followed Hindu calendar systems in India and Nepal. Established by King Vikramaditya of Ujjain in 57 BCE, it is a lunisolar calendar that determines important religious, cultural, and financial events. Unlike the Gregorian calendar, Vikram Samvat incorporates both solar and lunar cycles, making it highly significant in Hindu traditions and astrology.
Historical Background of Vikram Samvat
- King Vikramaditya of Ujjain introduced the Vikram Samvat calendar in 57 BCE to commemorate his victory over the Sakas.
- It is 56-57 years ahead of the Gregorian calendar. For example, the year 2024 corresponds to Vikram Samvat 2081.
- The calendar is primarily used in India and Nepal, with variations in calculation methods between the two regions.
When Does Vikram Samvat Begin?
The new year in Vikram Samvat is observed differently across regions:
- In North India, Gujarat, and Rajasthan: The new year begins the day after Diwali, known as Govardhan Puja. This is widely celebrated by businesses and traders, who perform Chopda Pujan (account book worship) to mark the start of a new financial year.
- In Nepal: Vikram Samvat starts in mid-April, during the Hindu month of Baishakh, and is recognized as the official calendar of Nepal.
Current Vikram Samvat Year (2082)
As of March 30, 2025, Vikram Samvat is in the year 2082. The new year commenced with Chaitra Shukla Pratipada, marking the beginning of the Hindu New Year in many regions of India, including Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Bihar. This period also coincides with Chaitra Navratri, a significant festival dedicated to Goddess Durga.
In contrast, states like Gujarat and Rajasthan observe the Vikram Samvat New Year following Diwali. In these regions, Vikram Samvat 2082 will officially begin on October 22, 2025, the day after Diwali.
It is important to note that Vikram Samvat remains 56-57 years ahead of the Gregorian calendar, making it a crucial aspect of Hindu cultural and religious observances.
Key Features of Vikram Samvat Calendar
- Lunisolar System: Combines both solar and lunar movements, ensuring alignment with celestial cycles.
- 12 Months: The months are based on the lunar cycle and include Chaitra, Vaishakha, Jyeshtha, Ashadha, Shravan, Bhadrapada, Ashwin, Kartik, Margashirsha, Pausha, Magha, and Phalguna.
- Festivals and Auspicious Dates: Most Hindu festivals, including Holi, Diwali, Navaratri, and Makar Sankranti, are determined based on Vikram Samvat.
- Astrological Importance: Used in Hindu astrology to calculate auspicious timings (muhurats) for weddings, religious ceremonies, and business ventures.
Cultural and Financial Significance
- Hindu Traditions: Many Hindu rituals, including birth and death ceremonies, follow Vikram Samvat dates.
- Business & Financial Year: In Gujarat and parts of North India, traders and businessmen consider it the beginning of the financial year.
- Government & Administration: Nepal follows Vikram Samvat as its official civil calendar, and many Indian panchangs (Hindu almanacs) use it for religious purposes.
How Vikram Samvat Differs from Other Calendars
| Calendar Type | Basis of Calculation | Year Count (2025 Equivalent) |
|---|---|---|
| Vikram Samvat | Lunisolar | 2082 |
| Gregorian | Solar | 2025 |
| Shaka Samvat | Lunisolar (Govt. of India’s official calendar) | 1947 |
Conclusion
Vikram Samvat is a deeply ingrained part of Hindu culture, shaping religious observances, financial planning, and social traditions. Whether celebrated in April in Nepal or after Diwali in India, this calendar remains a testament to India’s rich historical and cultural legacy. As a system that has withstood the test of time for over 2,000 years, Vikram Samvat continues to guide millions in their spiritual and daily lives.